Immunome Inc.

The exact size of the human immunome has been a topic of study for decades. However, the amount of information it encodes is said to exceed the size of the human genome by several orders of magnitude due to, at least in part, somatic hypermutation and junctional diversity. Several efforts are attempting to characterize the immunomes of humans and other species.

The Human Immunome Program is a major effort, launched in 2016, as a collaborative project between The Human Vaccines Project, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and Illumina, Inc. Its goal is to decipher the complete collection of human B and T immune cell receptors. Thousands of individuals will be studied, representing the range of age, gender, ethnicity, geographical origin, health status, and vaccination status. The results will be shared as an open-source database. The sequencing project will continue until unique sequences stop appearing within B and T cell receptors and is expected to take ten years.

The Immunological Genome Project 's stated goal is to characterize the immunome of the mouse, generating "a complete microarray dissection of gene expression and its regulation in the immune system". This project is intended to function as a primary resource. The project engages more than 20 research labs, studying T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells, along with many other cell types. The project began in 2008.

Non-human primate immunomes are studied because of their genetic similarity to humans.

In 2025, the Mal-ID project first sequenced B (BCR) and T cell receptors (TCR) at scale across multiple diagnoses using three machine learning models, achieving an area under the receiver operative characteristic curve value of 0.986.