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The company was founded in 2014 by Baidu 's former chief technology officer, Li Yinan, and Token Yilin Hu. The first Niu scooters were crowdfunded. It differentiated itself by using lithium-ion batteries as opposed to the cheaper lead-acid alternatives widely used in Chinese e-scooters at the time.
In 2018, NIU listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the ticker symbol NIU.
In 2019, Revel Transit launched in New York City with 1,000 Niu electric scooters, later expanding to Washington DC, Austin and Miami. In 2021, the company broadened its portfolio to include electric bikes.
In 2023, NIU announced the XQi3, its first electric dirt bike, offered in both street-legal and off-road versions. The same year it also introduced the KQi3 Max and the KQi Air Series.
NIU turned its focus back to mopeds in 2024, previewing the NQiX Series, a redesign of its NQi-Series. At EICMA 2025 in Milan, the company announced 2026 updates to the range, including onboard Google Maps navigation, and premiered the FQiX Series, a new urban moped platform in 150 and 300 variants, which reached European dealers in July 2026.
On 2 September 2026, NIU announced a partnership with gaming-hardware company Razer, with a co-branded FQiX Special Edition as its first product. Pre-orders opened in Europe the same day, with first deliveries scheduled for the first quarter of 2027.